With the technology, we have a certain understanding of vacuum, vacuum technology and vacuum pump. In a given space, the gas state below a atmospheric pressure is called a vacuum state. Compared with the atmospheric state, this particular vacuum state has two basic characteristics: firstly, the vacuum vessel in the vacuum state is subject to atmospheric pressure; secondly, the molecular density of the gas in the vacuum state is less than the molecular density of the gas in the atmospheric state; therefore, the molecular density between the molecules and the surface of the molecule and solid (such as The probability of collision between two walls is relatively reduced.
Everyone in modern society is enjoying the convenience brought by vacuum technology. For example, the secret of keeping the kettle warm is that there is a vacuum space in the wall of the bottle, reducing heat conduction to keep the kettle warm; fluorescent lamps, street lamps, automotive lights are also in a vacuum, otherwise they can not emit light. Televisions, computer monitors and so on are also inseparable from vacuum. In order to improve the transmittance of light, the optical film coated on the surface of glasses, cameras and lens is also applied vacuum technology.
Semiconductor industry is inseparable from vacuum technology. Production of semiconductor components.
1.it is necessary to incorporate other elements into the silicon wafer.
2. when producing integrated circuits, complex metal films and insulating films must be formed.
3.surface etching and other complex processes should be carried out. If the vacuum in the production process is not enough, there will be serious consequences after dust or oil droplets on the surface. The width of the thin wire in the IC is one-third the diameter of the smoke particles emitted when smoking, and nearly one-thousandth the diameter of a particle of dust. For integrated circuits, even a particle of smoke drops, like a large airplane parked on a highway, preventing electrons from passing through or short-circuiting.
The development of new materials is inseparable from vacuum technology. Thin film growth technology represented by molecular beam epitaxy is an important means of developing new materials. Thin film materials are evaporated or sublimated after they are put into evaporation sources. In ultra-high vacuum environment, atoms or molecules of thin film materials can fly long distances to the substrate to form films; moreover, thin films formed on the surface of the substrate due to less residual gas are formed. The purity is high.
The requirement of vacuum degree is very high in the field of surface science. Clean surfaces of substances obtained by high temperature annealing or combined ion sputtering in extremely high vacuum environments do not absorb any other molecules or atoms. By means of scanning tunneling electron microscopy (STEM) and other cutting-edge surface analysis methods, the atomic arrangement and electronic state of the material surface can be seen.
The most advanced particle accelerator in physics is a combination of large-scale vacuum technologies. Electrons (or other charged particles) are accelerated to near the speed of light. If the electron is not in an ultra-high vacuum state in the electron storage ring, the electrons collide with the molecules or atoms in the ring and decay rapidly. In addition, nuclear fusion reaction to reach hundreds of millions of degrees of high temperature, extremely high vacuum environment is the basic premise of system work.
Military industry and the development of the universe are also inseparable from the vacuum. Stealth aircraft or submarines should absorb radar waves to the greatest extent so as not to be detected. Radar-absorbing materials coated on aircraft or submarines are nanoparticles obtained by vacuum technology. The development of the universe is more inseparable from the vacuum, because the universe itself is in an ultrahigh vacuum state. The materials used by spacecraft, docking technology, and astronauts’space suits are the crystallization of vacuum technology everywhere.
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